receiver

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... In some configurations involving a calibrated atomic clock or LORAN-C receiver, the primary reference source may provide only a seconds pulse, but lack a complete timecode from which the numbering of the seconds, etc., can be derived. In these configurations seconds numbering can be ...

... safeguards are especially useful in those system configurations using a calibrated atomic clock or LORAN-C receiver in conjunction with a separate source of seconds-numbering information, such as a radio clock or NTP ...

... a crypto-checksum, computed by the sender and checked by the receiver, together with a set of predistributed algorithms, certificates ...

... UTC timescale and also to support an auxiliary precision oscillator, such as a cesium clock or timing receiver, as a precision timebase. In addition, changes were made to some procedures described in Section 3 and in the clock-filter ...

... (WWVH). Signal propagation is usually by reflection from the upper ionospheric layers, which vary in height and composition throughout the day and season and result in unpredictable delay variations at the receiver. The timecode is transmitted over a 60-second interval at a data rate of 1 bps using a 100-Hz subcarrier on the broadcast ...

... DC, which provide accuracies to a millisecond or less and are priced in the $2,500 range. However, these receivers do not extract the year information and leap-second warning. ...

... DC, which provides accuracies to 0.5 ms and is priced in the $6,000 range. However, this receiver does not extract the year information and leap-second warning. ...

... have been launched, expensive rubidium or quartz oscillators are necessary to preserve accuracy during outages. Also, since this is a single-channel receiver, it must be supplied with geographic coordinates within a degree from an external source before operation begins. ...

... deployment of LORAN-C transmitters now provides complete coverage of the U.S. LORAN-C timing receivers, such as the Austron 2000, are specialized and extremely expensive (up to $20,000). They are used primarily to monitor local cesium clocks and are ...

... not suited for unattended, automatic operation. While the LORAN-C system provides a highly accurate frequency and time reference within the ground wave area, there is no timecode modulation, so the receiver must be supplied with UTC time to within a few tens of seconds from an ...

... range. While the OMEGA system provides a highly accurate frequency reference, there is no timecode modulation, so the receiver must be supplied with geographic coordinates within a degree and UTC time within five seconds from an ...

... per-second (pps) signal is available from a reference source such as a cesium clock or GPS receiver. Such a signal generally provides much higher accuracy than the serial character string produced by a radio timecode receiver ...

... receiver. Such a signal generally provides much higher accuracy than the serial character string produced by a radio timecode receiver, typically in the low nanoseconds. In the Fuzzball model this signal is processed by an interface which produces a hardware ...

... counter has been determined by a reliable source, such as a timecode receiver, the offset within the second is determined by the residual computed above. In the NTP local- ...

... second is determined by the residual computed above. In the NTP local- clock model the timecode receiver or NTP establishes the time to within 128 ms, called the aperture, which guarantees the seconds ...

... numbering to within the second. Then, the pps residual can be used directly to correct the oscillator, since the offset must be less than the aperture for a correctly operating timecode receiver and pps signal. ...