TS
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... IP services over those subnetworks that use the MPEG-2 Transport
Stream (TS).
The architecture ...
... |e| | | | | | |b | | over |
|x| | | | | +---+----+-+ |l | |MPEG-2 TS|
|t| | | | | | | MPE | |e | | |
...
... +-------+----------+---+------+-------+---------+
| MPEG-2 TS |
+---------+-------+----------------+------------+
|Satellite ...
... protocols that support transmission of IP packets over the MPEG-2 TS.
Key characteristics of these networks are that they may provide
...
... multiplexing, addressing, and error reporting. The TS
Logical Channel may also be used to provide Quality of Service (QoS).
...
... Quality of Service (QoS).
Mapping functions are required to relate TS Logical Channels to IP
addresses, to map TS ...
... Adaptation Field: An optional variable-length extension field of the
fixed-length TS Packet header, intended to convey clock references
and timing and synchronization information as well as stuffing over
...
... PDUs, forming a DSM-CC Table Section. Each
Section is sent in a series of TS Packets using a single TS Logical
Channel.
...
... DSM-CC Table Section. Each
Section is sent in a series of TS Packets using a single TS Logical
Channel.
MPEG-2 ...
... Packetized Elementary Stream [ISO-MPEG]. A format of MPEG-2 TS
packet payload usually used for video or audio information.
...
... bit field carried in the
header of TS Packets. This is used to identify the TS Logical
Channel to which a TS Packet belongs [ISO-MPEG ...
... header of TS Packets. This is used to identify the TS Logical
Channel to which a TS Packet belongs [ISO-MPEG]. The TS ...
... header of TS Packets. This is used to identify the TS Logical
Channel to which a TS Packet belongs [ISO-MPEG]. The TS Packets
...
... TS Logical
Channel to which a TS Packet belongs [ISO-MPEG]. The TS Packets
forming the parts of a Table Section, PES, or other Payload Unit ...
... PID value. The all 1s PID value indicates a Null
TS Packet introduced to maintain a constant bit rate of a TS
Multiplex. There is no required relationship between the PID values ...
... TS Packet introduced to maintain a constant bit rate of a TS
Multiplex. There is no required relationship between the PID values
used for TS ...
... TS
Multiplex. There is no required relationship between the PID values
used for TS Logical Channels transmitted using different TS
...
... PSI control table that associates
the PID values used by the set of TS Logical Channels/Streams that
comprise a program [ISO-MPEG ...
... Payload Pointer [ISO-MPEG]. An optional one byte pointer that
directly follows the TS Packet header. It contains the number of
bytes between the end of the TS Packet header and the start ...
... directly follows the TS Packet header. It contains the number of
bytes between the end of the TS Packet header and the start of a
Payload Unit ...
... Payload Pointer is indicated by
the value of the PUSI bit in the TS Packet header. The Payload
Pointer is present in DSM-CC and Table Sections; it is not present in
...
... Payload
Pointer is present in DSM-CC and Table Sections; it is not present in
TS Logical Channels that use the PES-format.
...
... or more elementary streams, or a specific MPEG-2 program, or the
entire TS. Other Standards bodies (e.g., ETSI, ATSC) have defined
...
... ATSC) have defined
sets of table structures using the private_section structure. A
Private Section is transmitted as a sequence of TS Packets using a TS
Logical Channel. A TS Logical Channel may carry sections from more
...
... sets of table structures using the private_section structure. A
Private Section is transmitted as a sequence of TS Packets using a TS
Logical Channel. A TS Logical Channel may carry sections from more
than one set of tables.
...
... Private Section is transmitted as a sequence of TS Packets using a TS
Logical Channel. A TS Logical Channel may carry sections from more
than one set of tables.
...
... PSI is used to convey
information about services carried in a TS Multiplex. It is carried
in one of four specifically identified table section constructs
[ISO-MPEG ...
... PU: Payload Unit. A sequence of bytes sent using a TS. Examples of
Payload Units include: an MPEG-2 ...
... ISO-MPEG]. A single bit flag
carried in the TS Packet header. A PUSI value of zero indicates that
the TS Packet ...
... TS Packet header. A PUSI value of zero indicates that
the TS Packet does not carry the start of a new Payload Unit. A PUSI
value ...
... start of a new Payload Unit. A PUSI
value of one indicates that the TS Packet does carry the start of a
new Payload Unit ...
...
Receiver: A piece of equipment that processes the signal from a TS
Multiplex and performs filtering and forwarding of encapsulated PDUs ...
... this term describes a table that is used to convey information about
the services carried in a TS Multiplex, that has been defined by
another standards body. A Table may consist of one or more Table
Sections, however all sections of a particular SI Table ...
... Sections, however all sections of a particular SI Table must be
carried over a single TS Logical Channel [ISO-MPEG].
...
... method of transmission at the
MPEG-2 level using TS Packets; it represents level 2 of the ISO/OSI
...
... OSI reference model.
All packets sent over a TS Logical Channel carry the same PID value
(this value is unique within a specific TS Multiplex ...
... TS Logical Channel carry the same PID value
(this value is unique within a specific TS Multiplex). According to
MPEG-2, some TS ...
... TS Multiplex). According to
MPEG-2, some TS Logical Channels are reserved for specific
signalling. Other standards (e.g., ATSC ...
... TS Multiplex: In this document, this term defines a set of MPEG-2 TS
Logical Channels sent over a single lower layer ...
... RTP over IP).
The same TS Logical Channel may be repeated over more than one TS
Multiplex (possibly associated with a different PID value), for
...
... over IP).
The same TS Logical Channel may be repeated over more than one TS
Multiplex (possibly associated with a different PID value), for
example to redistribute the same multicast ...
... terrestrial
TV transmission cells.
TS Packet: A fixed-length 188B unit of data sent over a TS Multiplex
[ISO-MPEG ...
...
TS Packet: A fixed-length 188B unit of data sent over a TS Multiplex
[ISO-MPEG]. Each TS Packet ...
... overhead including an Adaptation Field, encryption details and time
stamp information to synchronize a set of related TS Logical
Channels. It is also referred to as a TS_cell. Each TS Packet ...
... time
stamp information to synchronize a set of related TS Logical
Channels. It is also referred to as a TS_cell. Each TS Packet
carries a PID value ...
... TS Logical
Channels. It is also referred to as a TS_cell. Each TS Packet
carries a PID value to associate it with a single TS Logical Channel ...
... service operator. In such cases, the assignment of
addresses and TS Logical Channels at Receivers are usually under the
...
... TS Logical Channels ...
... Transport Multiplex offers a number of parallel channels,
which are known here as TS Logical Channels. Each TS Logical Channel
...
... which are known here as TS Logical Channels. Each TS Logical Channel
is uniquely identified by the Packet ID (PID) value that is carried
...
... decimal or 0x1FFF in hexadecimal, some of which are reserved for
transmission of SI tables. Non-reserved TS Logical Channels may be
used to carry audio ...
... \ / \ / \
\ | | | |
TS-LC-A-2 ----------- | | -------------
-------------------- | | -------------
...
... TS Logical Channels are independently numbered on each MPEG-2 TS
Multiplex (MUX). In most cases, the data sent over the TS Logical
Channels will differ for different multiplexes. Figure 2 shows a set
...
... Logical Channels are independently numbered on each MPEG-2 TS
Multiplex (MUX). In most cases, the data sent over the TS Logical
Channels will differ for different multiplexes. Figure 2 shows a set
of TS ...
... TS Logical
Channels will differ for different multiplexes. Figure 2 shows a set
of TS Logical Channels sent using two MPEG-2 TS ...
... MPEG-2 transmission cells). In figure 2, each multiplex
carries 3 MPEG-2 TS Logical Channels. These TS Logical Channels ...
... Logical Channels are processed by
an MPEG-2 multiplexor, resulting in a TS Multiplex. The TS Multiplex
is forwarded over a physical ...
... an MPEG-2 multiplexor, resulting in a TS Multiplex. The TS Multiplex
is forwarded over a physical bearer towards one or more Receivers ...
...
In a more complex example, the same TS may be fed to multiple MPEG-2
multiplexors and these may, in turn, feed other MPEG-2 ...
... common in Scenarios A and B of Section 3.1). One example is a
satellite that provides on-board processing of the TS packets,
multiplexing the TS ...
... Logical Channels received from one or more uplink
physical bearers (TS Multiplex) to one (or more in the case of
broadcast/multicast ...
... multicast) down-link physical bearer (TS Multiplex). As
part of the remultiplexing process, a remultiplexor may renumber the
PID values ...
... part of the remultiplexing process, a remultiplexor may renumber the
PID values associated with one or more TS Logical Channels to prevent
clashes between input TS ...
... TS Logical Channels to prevent
clashes between input TS Logical Channels with the same PID carried
...
... control plane.
In all cases, the final result is a "TS Multiplex" that is
transmitted over the physical bearer towards the Receiver ...
... +---------------+ MPEG-2 +------------+
TS Mux
Figure 3: An example configuration for a unidirectional ...
... header and trailer (see Section 4). The
SNDUs are subsequently fragmented into a series of TS Packets.
To receive IP packets ...
... To receive IP packets over an MPEG-2 TS Multiplex, a Receiver needs
to identify the specific TS Multiplex ...
... TS Multiplex, a Receiver needs
to identify the specific TS Multiplex (physical link) and also the TS
Logical Channel (the PID value ...
... to identify the specific TS Multiplex (physical link) and also the TS
Logical Channel (the PID value of a logical link). It is common for
...
...
A Receiver that simultaneously receives from several TS Logical
Channels must filter other unwanted TS ...
... TS Logical
Channels must filter other unwanted TS Logical Channels by employing,
for example, specific hardware ...
...
In some cases, Receivers may need to select TS Logical Channels from
a number of simultaneously active ...
... Logical Channels from
a number of simultaneously active TS Multiplexes. To do this, they
need multiple physical receive interfaces ...
...
(v) Standards to associate the capabilities of an MPEG-2 TS
Logical Channel with IP flows. This includes mapping of QoS
...
... transfer. Consideration should also be given to security of
the TS Multiplex: the need for closed user groups and the use
of MPEG-2 ...
... range
of systems employing the MPEG-2 TS, and may also suit other
(sub)networks offering similar transfer capabilities.
...
... each SNDU over the MPEG-2 TS service and provides the appropriate
mechanisms to deliver the encapsulated ...
... will be truly IP-centric. Carrying IP packets over a TS Logical
Channel involves several convergence protocol functions. This
section briefly describes these functions and highlights the
...
... MPEG-2 indicates the start of a Payload Unit (PU) in a new TS Packet
with a "payload_unit_start ...
... PUSI) [ISO-MPEG] carried in
the 4B TS Packet header. The PUSI is a 1 bit flag that has normative
...
... bit flag that has normative
meaning [ISO-MPEG] for TS Packets that carry PES Packets or PSI/SI ...
... PES data, a PUSI value of
'1' indicates the TS Packet payload starts with the first byte of a
PES ...
... PSI data, a PUSI value of
'1' indicates the first byte of the TS Packet payload carries a
Payload Pointer (PP ...
... PP) that indicates the position of the first byte of
the Payload Unit (Table Section) being carried; if the TS Packet does
not carry the first byte of a Table Section, the PUSI is set to '0',
...
... PUSI bit, the start of the first Payload Unit in a TS
Packet is exactly known by the Receiver, unless that TS Packet has
...
... Payload Unit in a TS
Packet is exactly known by the Receiver, unless that TS Packet has
been corrupted or lost in the transmission. In which case, the
payload ...
... been corrupted or lost in the transmission. In which case, the
payload is discarded until the next TS Packet is received with a PUSI
value of '1'.
...
... encapsulation should allow packing of more than one SNDU into the
same TS Packet and should not limit the number of SNDUs that can be
sent in a TS Packet ...
... TS Packet and should not limit the number of SNDUs that can be
sent in a TS Packet. In addition, it should allow an IP Encapsulator
...
... IP Encapsulator
to insert padding when there is an incomplete TS Packet payload. A
mechanism needs to be identified to differentiate this padding from
the case where another encapsulated ...
...
When parts of more than two Payload Units are carried in the same TS
Packet, only the start of the first is indicated by the Payload
Pointer. Placement of a Length Indicator in the encapsulation ...
... In MPEG-2, the PID carried in the TS Packet header is used to
identify individual services with the help of SI ...
... unidirectional (simplex) broadcast system. A
TS Packet stream carries either tables or one PES Packet stream ...
... requirement may also exist to identify the PID and TS multiplex on
which services are carried.
...
... encapsulator and
Receiver (including reassembly errors following loss/corruption of TS
Packets), in addition to protecting from loss and/or corruption by
the transmission network ...
... address carried as an
NPA, and to prevent TS Packets intended for one scope from being
received by another. Similar functionality may be achieved by
ensuring that only IP packets ...
... ensuring that only IP packets that do not have overlapping scope are
sent on the same TS Logical Channel. In some cases, this may imply
the use of multiple TS Logical Channels ...
... sent on the same TS Logical Channel. In some cases, this may imply
the use of multiple TS Logical Channels.
...
... but is required where MPEG-2 transmission networks carry IP multicast
packets using more than one TS Logical Channel.
...
... Elements (ii) and (iii) need to be de-referenced when the MPEG-2
Transmission Network includes (re)multiplexors that renumber the PID
values of the TS Logical Channels that they process. In MPEG-2
...
... client to resolve to a different
MPEG TS Multiplex. This is used when there are several channels that
may be used for communication (i.e., multiple outbound/inbound
...
... Transmission Network needs to resolve the PID value
and the tuning (if present) associated with a TS Logical Channel
and (at least for unicast) the destination ...
... AR may be used:
(i) Multiple TS-Muxes and the use of re-multiplexors, e.g., Digital
Terrestrial, Satellite TV broadcast ...
... systems employ remultiplexors that modify the PID values
associated with TS Logical Channels as they pass through the
MPEG-2 transmission network ...
... other process. In these systems, the PID value associated with
a TS Logical Channel may be known by the Sender.
...
... multicast systems). In
these systems, the PID value of a TS Logical Channel may be
known by the Sender.
...
... networks, information about the set
of MPEG-2 TS Logical Channels carried over a TS Multiplex is usually
...
... MPEG-2 TS Logical Channels carried over a TS Multiplex is usually
distributed via tables (service information, SI ...
... MPEG-2 section format [ISO-DSMCC]). The scheme reflects
the complexity of delivering and coordinating the various TS Logical
Channels associated with a multimedia TV program.
...
... networks that use the MPEG-2
TS, but do not necessarily support audio/video services and therefore
...
... AR
protocol may operate over an MPEG-2 TS Logical Channel using a
previously agreed PID (e.g., configured, or communicated using a SI
table ...
...
(i) The NPA address must be unique within the TS Logical Channel.
Universal IEEE MAC addresses ...
... access control to
prevent unauthorized use of the TS Multiplex; however, this is an
orthogonal issue to address resolution.
...
... multicast
addresses [RFC3171] to the associated PID value and TS Multiplex.
The design should permit a large number of active ...
... Encapsulator may forward multicast
traffic on the MPEG-2 TS Multiplex using a static or dynamic set of
groups. When static forwarding is used, the set of IP multicast ...
... Appropriate procedures need to identify the correct action when the
same multicast group is available on more than one TS Logical
Channel. This could arise when different end hosts act as senders to
...
... considered. It may also arise when a sender duplicates the same IP
group over several TS Logical Channels (or even different TS
...
... IP
group over several TS Logical Channels (or even different TS
Multiplexes), and in this case a Receiver may potentially receive
...
... |
+---+----+ +---------+
| Tuner |---+TS Table | . . . .
+---+----+ +---------+ .
| - .
...
... Mapping IP multicast groups to the underlying MPEG-2 TS
Logical Channel (PID) and the MPEG-2 TS Multiplex ...
... networks built upon the MPEG-2 Transport Stream (TS). It also
describes existing approaches. The focus is on IP networking, the
...
... TS 101 812, "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Multimedia Home Platform (MHP) Specification", v1.2.1, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ...