network
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... The use of broadcasts, especially on high-speed local area networks,
is a good base for many applications. Since broadcasting is not
...
...
We assume that the data link layer of the local network supports
efficient broadcasting. Most common local area networks ...
... network supports
efficient broadcasting. Most common local area networks do support
broadcast; for example, Ethernet ...
... excessive use of broadcasts; since every host on the network devotes
at least some effort to every broadcast, they are costly.
...
...
Note: some organizations have divided their IP networks into subnets,
for which a standard [8 ...
... broadcasting depends on the specific data link layer in use
on a local network, we must discuss it with reference to both
physical networks ...
...
The terms we will use in referring to physical networks are, from the
point of view of the host sending or forwarding a broadcast ...
...
The IP world includes several kinds of logical network. To avoid
ambiguity, we will use the following terms:
...
... IP Network ...
... neighbors until one responds. Use of a wired-in list
creates obvious network management problems (early binding is
inflexible). On the other hand, asking all of one's neighbors ...
... multicasting, the sending of messages to a subset of the hosts on a
network. In practice, broadcasts are usually used where multicasts
...
... Broadcast to all hosts on a remote IP network: It is
occasionally useful to send a broadcast to all hosts ...
... hosts on a
non-local network; for example, to find the latest version of a
hostname database ...
... hostname database, to bootload a host on an IP network without a
bootserver, or to monitor the timeservers on the IP network.
...
... host on an IP network without a
bootserver, or to monitor the timeservers on the IP network.
This case is the same as local-network broadcasts ...
... bootserver, or to monitor the timeservers on the IP network.
This case is the same as local-network broadcasts; the datagram
...
... a gateway receives a directed broadcast for a network to which it is
not connected, it simply forwards it using the usual mechanism.
Otherwise, it must do some additional work.
...
... datagram on the hardware network it was received on". It is not
sufficient simply to avoid repeating datagrams that a gateway ...
... If the datagram is received on the hardware network to which it
is addressed, then it should not be forwarded. However, the
gateway ...
... Otherwise, if the datagram is addressed to a hardware network to
which the gateway is connected, it should be sent as a (data
link layer ...
... gateway is connected, it should be sent as a (data
link layer) broadcast on that network. Again, the gateway
should consider itself a destination ...
... broadcast on a local hardware
network, which must not be forwarded. This address may be used, for
example, by hosts ...
... address may be used, for
example, by hosts that do not know their network number and are
asking some server for it.
...
... datagram. However, as a notational convention, we refer to
networks (as opposed to hosts) by using addresses with zero fields.
...
... hosts) by using addresses with zero fields.
For example, 36.0.0.0 means "network number 36" while 36.255.255.255
means "all hosts on network ...
... incorrectly implemented, cause problems when broadcasts are used
on a network where not all hosts share an understanding of what a
broadcast ...
... D.D. Clark, K.T. Pogran, and D.P. Reed. "An Introduction to Local Area Networks". Proc. IEEE 66, 11, pp1497-1516, 1978. ...
... Yogan Kantilal Dalal. Broadcast Protocols in Packet Switched Computer Networks. Ph.D. Th., Stanford University, April 1977. ...
... The Ethernet, A Local Area Network: Data Link Layer and Physical Layer Specifications. Version 1.0 ...
... Robert Gurwitz and Robert Hinden. IP - Local Area Network Addressing Issues. IEN-212, Bolt Beranek and Newman, September 1982. ...
... R.M. Metcalfe and D.R. Boggs. "Ethernet: Distributed Packet Switching for Local Computer Networks". Comm. ACM 19, 7, pp395-404, July 1976. Also CSL-75-7, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, reprinted in CSL-80-2. ...